What is a dual COA and why does PureRawz provide one when competitors don't?

A dual COA means two independent, lot-specific Certificates of Analysis: (1) HPLC purity confirming ≥99% chemical identity, and (2) a LAL endotoxin assay confirming bacterial LPS levels. NSI-189 is studied in hippocampal neurogenesis and cell-viability assays — both critically sensitive to LPS contamination activating TLR4. SwissChems posts periodic test images but provides no per-lot LAL data. AdooQ lists >99% HPLC but provides no endotoxin documentation.

How does the PureRawz lot verification portal work?

Every PureRawz vial carries a unique lot number. Enter it at officialpurerawz.us/verify to retrieve both COA documents, the testing lab name, and QC release date for your specific batch — useful for IRB submissions, grant applications, and publication methodology sections.

What solvents are recommended for reconstituting NSI-189?

NSI-189 free base is soluble in DMSO (recommended starting concentration ≥10 mM). NSI-189 phosphate has enhanced aqueous solubility and can be dissolved in sterile water or PBS. For cell-based assays, dilute DMSO stocks in aqueous buffer to keep final DMSO concentration below 0.1% to avoid cytotoxicity artefacts.

NSI-189 Freebase

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Buy NSI-189 | ≥99% Pure | Dual COA | PureRawz USA

⚠ RESEARCH USE ONLY: All PureRawz products are strictly for in-vitro laboratory research. Not for human or animal consumption. Not FDA-approved. For use by qualified researchers only.
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≥99% Purity — HPLC Verified

Dual COA — HPLC + LAL Endotoxin

Unique Lot Numbers — Full Traceability

USA Manufactured & Third-Party Tested

Ships USA in 1 Business Day

✓ HPLC COA

✓ LAL COA

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Lot: NS-2025-0174
QC: 2025-11-08
≥99.3% HPLC

Neurogenic Research Compound · Hippocampal Stimulant

Buy NSI-189 —
≥99% Purity + Dual COA

When you buy NSI-189 from PureRawz, every order arrives with two independent Certificates of Analysis — HPLC purity verification and an LAL endotoxin assay — traceable to a unique batch lot number. SwissChems is Iceland-based with no per-lot LAL data. AdooQ lists >99% purity but provides no endotoxin documentation. PureRawz is the USA-based, dual-COA alternative. Ships in 1 business day. No prescription required.

≥99% HPLC Purity
LAL Endotoxin Tested
Unique Lot Number
USA Manufactured
Ships in 1 Business Day

$[PRICE]
per unit · free shipping $[THRESHOLD]+

Add to Cart

View Both COAs

In-stock orders ship same business day — USA domestic only

Technical Data

Full Product Specifications

All data verifiable via lot-specific COA documents included with every order.

Compound Name	NSI-189 (Free Base)
Also Known As	Amdiglurax, ALTO-100, NSI189
Phosphate Salt Form	NSI-189 Phosphate (CAS 1270138-41-4)
IUPAC Name	(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)-[2-(3-methylbutylamino)pyridin-3-yl]methanone
Molecular Formula (FB)	C₂₂H₂₉N₄O·HCl / C₂₂H₃₀ClN₄O
Molecular Weight (FB)	366.5 g/mol (free base)
Molecular Formula (PO₄)	C₂₂H₃₃N₄O₅P
Molecular Weight (PO₄)	464.5 g/mol
CAS (Free Base)	1270138-40-3
CAS (Phosphate)	1270138-41-4
PubChem CID	44,231,552 (free base)
Purity (HPLC)	≥99% — third-party verified per lot
Endotoxin (LAL)	Tested — COA included per lot
Physical Appearance	White to off-white powder
Solubility	DMSO (free base); water/PBS (phosphate form)
Storage	−20 °C, desiccated, protected from light
Shelf Life	24–36 months under proper conditions
Lot Traceability	Unique lot number — every unit, every batch
Manufacturing	USA (domestic synthesis)
Testing	Independent third-party laboratory
Shipping	1 business day · USA domestic only
Intended Use	In-vitro laboratory research only

Quality Assurance

Why PureRawz Provides a Dual COA — And Why It Matters for NSI-189 Research

SwissChems posts periodic lab images — not per-lot LAL data. AdooQ lists >99% HPLC but provides no endotoxin documentation. PureRawz issues two separate, lot-specific COAs on every batch — because NSI-189's primary research applications (hippocampal neurogenesis assays, cell-viability studies, BDNF quantification) are exactly the assays endotoxin contamination corrupts silently.

HPLC Purity Certificate

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography separates and quantifies every molecular species in the sample. PureRawz NSI-189 consistently measures ≥99% purity per lot release. The full chromatogram with peak integration is available in the COA PDF, confirming chemical identity and ruling out synthesis by-products, degradation impurities, or residual solvents. This is what most suppliers stop at.

≥99% purity confirmed per lot

LAL Endotoxin Assay Certificate

The Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay detects bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that HPLC cannot identify. This is critical for NSI-189 research: neurogenesis studies rely on Ki67 proliferation assays and BDNF ELISA — both catastrophically confounded by trace LPS activating TLR4 on macrophages and glia, generating false neuroinflammatory signals that mask or mimic NSI-189's actual effects. Neither SwissChems nor AdooQ provides this documentation per lot.

LAL endotoxin tested — per lot

Both COA documents are lot-number-specific. Download from the product page or retrieve via officialpurerawz.us/verify.

Research Background

What Is NSI-189?

NSI-189 is a benzylpiperazine-aminopyridine small molecule discovered through systematic screening of a chemical library against an in-vitro model of hippocampal neurogenesis using a stable cell line of human foetal hippocampal neural stem cells (US Patent No. 8,293,488). It was originally developed by Neuralstem Inc. and is now advanced as Amdiglurax (ALTO-100) by Alto Neuroscience for major depressive disorder, bipolar depression, and PTSD.

What makes NSI-189 a distinctive research tool is its non-monoaminergic mechanism. Screening against 52 neurotransmitter-related receptors, ion channels, and enzymes — and separately against 900 kinases — was negative. NSI-189 does not interact with serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine transporters or receptors. This profile makes it exceptionally useful for researchers studying neurogenesis and neuroplasticity independently of classical monoamine pathway confounders.

In rodent models, NSI-189 dose-dependently increases hippocampal volume at 30 mg/kg, with effects confined to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) — the two known neurogenic regions in the adult CNS. A 20% increase in hippocampal volume has been documented in healthy young adult mice. Phase 2 clinical data (2023, Alto Neuroscience) reported approximately 46% greater improvement in depressive symptoms in patients with a specific cognitive biomarker profile, supporting continued clinical development.

PureRawz sells NSI-189 exclusively as an in-vitro research reagent. All preclinical findings cited here arise from animal or cell-based models and must not be interpreted as clinical outcomes.

Mechanistic Science

Mechanism of Action — Six Research Pathways

All findings are from in-vitro or animal studies only. NSI-189's exact molecular target remains under investigation — its non-monoaminergic profile distinguishes it from all existing antidepressant compound classes.

Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis

NSI-189 stimulates neurogenesis of human hippocampus-derived neural stem cells in vitro and in mouse hippocampus in vivo. Effects are confined to the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone — the only two known neurogenic regions in the adult CNS. In healthy young adult mice, oral NSI-189 produces a dose-dependent 20% increase in hippocampal volume at 30 mg/kg.

Fava et al., PMC 2016 [1]; Neuralstem IND data

BDNF & SCF Upregulation

In vitro studies in rat hippocampal neurons exposed to OGD (oxygen-glucose deprivation) showed NSI-189 significantly upregulates BDNF and SCF (stem cell factor) in conditioned media. Antibody blocking of both BDNF and SCF suppressed NSI-189-mediated rescue of cell viability against OGD — directly implicating neurotrophic factor upregulation as a core mechanism.

Tajiri et al., J Cell Physiol 2017 [2]

TrkB / Akt Pathway Activation

In a mouse model of Angelman Syndrome, NSI-189 treatment was associated with activation of TrkB and Akt signalling pathways, which require DNA translation and protein synthesis. LTP (long-term potentiation) was enhanced in hippocampal slices in a time- and dose-dependent manner, reversing impairments in both cognitive and motor function readouts.

Liu et al., Neuropharmacology 2019 [3]

Synaptic Plasticity Enhancement (LTP)

NSI-189 enhances theta-burst stimulation-induced LTP in acute hippocampal slices from both wild-type and disease-model mice in a dose-dependent fashion. This synaptic plasticity enhancement is associated with increased MAP2 immunoreactivity and neurite outgrowth in treated tissue — structural correlates of improved connectivity in research models.

Liu et al., Neuropharmacology 2019 [3]

Neuroprotection in Ischaemia Models

In rat stroke models (middle cerebral artery occlusion), oral NSI-189 significantly attenuated OGD/R-mediated hippocampal cell death, increased Ki67 (proliferation marker) and MAP2 expression, and upregulated VEGF, GDNF, BDNF, and SCF in treated cells. NSI-189 stimulated active remodelling of the stroke brain beyond the standard 6-hour therapeutic window.

Tajiri et al., J Cell Physiol 2017 [2]

Peripheral Neuropathy & Diabetic CNS Models

In type 1 and type 2 diabetic mouse models (db/db), oral NSI-189 prevented multiple indices of peripheral and central neuropathy, restored synaptic markers (NeuN, PSD95, synaptophysin), protected long-term memory, and halted established neuropathy progression. BDNF protein levels were restored to control levels in the hippocampus — linking the neurogenic mechanism to metabolic neuropathy models.

Saleh et al., Diabetes 2019 [4]

Unique to PureRawz

Batch Traceability — Our Public Lot Verification Portal

SwissChems posts shared lab images on their website — not per-lot documents for your specific vial. AdooQ provides no batch-level public access at all. PureRawz does both — because your research depends on knowing exactly what you received.

Every unit is traceable to a specific, independently tested batch.

Our lot numbering system encodes the compound code, synthesis batch number, and QC release date. Every lot is indexed in our public verification portal — enter the lot number from your order at officialpurerawz.us/verify and retrieve:

The HPLC purity COA PDF for your exact batch
The LAL endotoxin COA PDF for your exact batch
The name of the independent third-party testing laboratory
The QC release date and synthesis batch ID
Documentation suitable for IRB submissions and publication methodology sections

Sample Lot Number

NS-2025-0174

Compound: NSI-189
Batch: #174 · QC Released
Purity: ≥99.3% HPLC

Verify at /verify →

Supplier Comparison

PureRawz vs. Competitors — NSI-189 Side-by-Side

Based on publicly available supplier information as of April 2026.

Feature	PureRawz ✦	SwissChems	AdooQ
Purity Standard	≥99% HPLC	Not stated per lot	>99% HPLC (listed)
HPLC Purity COA	✔ Per lot — downloadable PDF	Shared lab images only	✔ Listed on page
LAL Endotoxin COA	✔ Per lot — full assay	✗ Not provided	✗ Not provided
Unique Lot Number Per Unit	✔ Every unit	✗ Not mentioned	✗ Not mentioned
Public Lot Verification Portal	✔ officialpurerawz.us/verify	✗	✗
USA Based / USA Shipping	✔ Domestic USA only	✗ Iceland-based (.is domain)	✗ Global — not USA-based
Ships in 1 Business Day	✔	✗ International transit	✗ International transit
No Prescription Required	✔	✔	✔
Trust Badge Strip on Page	✔ 5 badges	2 basic badges	✗ None
FAQ Section (Schema Rich Results)	✔ 10 Q&As	✗	✗
PubMed-Linked References on Page	✔ 5 cited	✗ None	✗ None
Free Base + Phosphate Options	✔ [confirm your variants]	Phosphate only	✔ Both listed
HPLC Refund Guarantee	✔	✔	✗ Not stated

✦ PureRawz. Data from publicly available pages, April 2026. Subject to change.

Related Research Compounds

Researchers Studying NSI-189 Also Explore

Frequently Asked Questions

NSI-189 Research FAQ

For research and educational purposes only. Nothing here constitutes medical advice.

What is NSI-189 and what is it used for in research?+

NSI-189 (also known as Amdiglurax / ALTO-100; CAS 1270138-40-3 free base, 1270138-41-4 phosphate) is a benzylpiperazine-aminopyridine small molecule discovered through systematic screening against in-vitro models of hippocampal neurogenesis. In laboratory settings it is studied for stimulation of dentate gyrus neurogenesis, BDNF and SCF upregulation, TrkB/Akt pathway activation, synaptic plasticity (LTP enhancement), neuroprotection in ischaemia models, and peripheral neuropathy in diabetic mouse models. All research use is strictly in-vitro or preclinical.

What purity does PureRawz NSI-189 have and how does it compare to competitors?+

PureRawz NSI-189 is manufactured to ≥99% purity as measured by HPLC on a per-lot basis by an independent third-party laboratory. Every lot ships with two Certificates of Analysis: one confirming chemical purity (HPLC) and one confirming endotoxin levels (LAL assay). SwissChems posts periodic shared lab images — not per-lot documents specific to your vial. AdooQ lists >99% HPLC but provides no endotoxin documentation. PureRawz is the only supplier of the three providing both documents per lot.

What is a dual COA and why is it especially important for NSI-189 research?+

A dual COA means two independent, lot-specific Certificates of Analysis: (1) HPLC purity confirming ≥99% chemical identity, and (2) LAL endotoxin assay confirming bacterial LPS levels. This is especially critical for NSI-189 research because neurogenesis studies rely on Ki67 proliferation assays, BDNF ELISA, and cell-viability measurements — all of which are severely confounded by trace LPS contamination. Sub-nanogram LPS activates TLR4 on microglia and macrophages, generating neuroinflammatory signals that can mask, mimic, or amplify NSI-189's actual effects. Neither SwissChems nor AdooQ provides LAL data per lot.

What is the difference between NSI-189 free base and NSI-189 phosphate?+

NSI-189 free base (CAS 1270138-40-3) is the parent compound with MW ~366.5 g/mol. NSI-189 phosphate (CAS 1270138-41-4) is the phosphate salt form with MW 464.5 g/mol and molecular formula C₂₂H₃₃N₄O₅P. The phosphate modification enhances aqueous solubility and stability, which is relevant for in-vitro dosing in aqueous cell culture media. SwissChems sells capsules of the phosphate form only. PureRawz offers [confirm your available variants] — allowing researchers to select based on assay requirements.

How quickly does PureRawz ship NSI-189, and where do you ship?+

All in-stock PureRawz orders ship within 1 US business day from our domestic USA facility. Tracking information is provided automatically upon dispatch. We ship exclusively within the United States. SwissChems is Iceland-based (swisschems.is) — orders to US-based labs face international transit time, customs processing, and import risk. AdooQ is similarly not a US-based domestic supplier. No prescription or institutional affiliation is required to purchase from PureRawz.

How should I store NSI-189 in my laboratory?+

Store NSI-189 at −20 °C or below in a sealed desiccated container, away from light and moisture. Under these conditions, shelf life is 24–36 months. For short-term use (up to 30 days), storage at 4 °C is acceptable. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles as these can promote aggregation and degradation. Aliquot into single-use quantities for long-running studies.

What solvents are recommended for dissolving NSI-189?+

NSI-189 free base is best dissolved in DMSO at a starting concentration of ≥10 mM. For cell-based assays, dilute DMSO stocks in aqueous buffer (PBS, cell culture media) to keep final DMSO below 0.1% v/v to avoid cytotoxicity artefacts. NSI-189 phosphate has enhanced aqueous solubility and can be dissolved directly in sterile water or PBS for intranasal or oral dosing formulations in animal model protocols.

Is NSI-189 currently in clinical trials?+

Yes. NSI-189 is now developed as Amdiglurax (ALTO-100) by Alto Neuroscience. It has completed Phase 1b (Fava et al., 2016) and Phase 2 (McIntyre et al., 2019) trials for major depressive disorder. Phase 2 data published in 2023 showed approximately 46% greater improvement in depressive symptoms in patients with a specific cognitive biomarker profile. It is not FDA-approved. PureRawz sells NSI-189 exclusively for in-vitro research use by qualified researchers.

Is NSI-189 a controlled substance in the United States?+

As of April 2026, NSI-189 is not scheduled under the US Controlled Substances Act (DEA) and is not FDA-approved for any medical use. PureRawz sells NSI-189 exclusively as an in-vitro research reagent for qualified researchers. Regulations are subject to change — always verify current regulatory status with your institution's compliance office before purchasing or handling.

Does PureRawz offer bulk or institutional purchasing for NSI-189?+

Yes. Academic institutions, CROs, and qualified research organisations may contact PureRawz for bulk pricing, custom lot sizes, and institutional invoicing. All bulk orders include the same dual COA quality assurance (HPLC purity + LAL endotoxin) and unique lot traceability as standard orders. Contact our research team via the support page for a custom quote.

Scientific Literature

References

Fava M et al. A Phase 1B, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multiple-dose escalation study of NSI-189 phosphate, a neurogenic compound, in depressed patients. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21(10):1372–1380. PMC5030464
Tajiri N et al. NSI-189, a small molecule with neurogenic properties, exerts behavioral, and neurostructural benefits in stroke rats. J Cell Physiol. 2017;232(10):2731–2740. PMID: 28181668
Liu Y et al. Enhancement of synaptic plasticity and reversal of impairments in motor and cognitive functions in a mouse model of Angelman Syndrome by NSI-189. Neuropharmacology. 2019;144:337–344. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.020
Saleh A et al. Amelioration of Both Central and Peripheral Neuropathy in Mouse Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes by the Neurogenic Molecule NSI-189. Diabetes. 2019;68(11):2143–2154. PMID: 31492662
McIntyre RS et al. A phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of NSI-189 phosphate, a neurogenic compound, among outpatients with major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24(11):1701–1710. doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0334-8

⚠ Research Use Only — Full Disclaimer: All PureRawz products, including NSI-189, are furnished for in-vitro laboratory research purposes only. These products are not medicines, pharmaceuticals, or dietary supplements. They have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition, disease, or ailment. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly prohibited by law. All purchases are limited to licensed researchers and qualified professionals. Any information provided on this page is for scientific and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical, clinical, veterinary, or professional advice. Full Terms & Conditions →

NSI-189 Freebase

NSI-189 Freebase is a premium nootropic research compound commonly explored for neurogenesis studies, cognitive enhancement, mood support, and advanced laboratory applications.
Browse related Purerawz products and trusted scientific references below.

Research References

PubMed Research Database
– scientific studies and published research
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
– biomedical and research resources
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
– regulatory and compliance reference

Additional information

Attributes	Powder 1g, Capsule 40mg per capsule/60ct/2.4g, Liquid 30ml/33mg per ml/1000mg

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NSI-189 Freebase

Buy NSI-189 —
≥99% Purity + Dual COA

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